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State of Delaware
TITLE
6
Commerce and Trade
SUBTITLE II
Other Laws Relating to Commerce and Trade
CHAPTER 18. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ACT
Subchapter I. General Provisions
§
18-215. Series of members, managers or limited
liability company interests.
(a) A limited liability company agreement
may establish or provide for the establishment
of designated series of members, managers
or limited liability company interests having
separate rights, powers or duties with respect
to specified property or obligations of
the limited liability company or profits
and losses associated with specified property
or obligations, and, to the extent provided
in the limited liability company agreement,
any such series may have a separate business
purpose or investment objective.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
set forth in this chapter or under other
applicable law, in the event that a limited
liability company agreement creates 1 or
more series, and if separate and distinct
records are maintained for any such series
and the assets associated with any such
series are held (directly or indirectly,
including through a nominee or otherwise)
and accounted for separately from the other
assets of the limited liability company,
or any other series thereof, and if the
limited liability company agreement so provides,
and notice of the limitation on liabilities
of a series as referenced in this subsection
is set forth in the certificate of formation
of the limited liability company, then the
debts, liabilities and obligations incurred,
contracted for or otherwise existing with
respect to a particular series shall be
enforceable against the assets of such series
only, and not against the assets of the
limited liability company generally or any
other series thereof, and, unless otherwise
provided in the limited liability company
agreement, none of the debts, liabilities,
obligations and expenses incurred, contracted
for or otherwise existing with respect to
the limited liability company generally
or any other series thereof shall be enforceable
against the assets of such series. The fact
that a certificate of formation that contains
the foregoing notice of the limitation on
liabilities of a series is on file in the
office of the Secretary of State shall constitute
notice of such limitation on liabilities
of a series.
(c) Notwithstanding § 18-303(a) of this
title, under a limited liability company
agreement or under another agreement, a
member or manager may agree to be obligated
personally for any or all of the debts,
obligations and liabilities of one or more
series.
(d) A limited liability company agreement
may provide for classes or groups of members
or managers associated with a series having
such relative rights, powers and duties
as the limited liability company agreement
may provide, and may make provision for
the future creation in the manner provided
in the limited liability company agreement
of additional classes or groups of members
or managers associated with the
series having such relative rights, powers
and duties as may from time to time be established,
including rights, powers and duties senior
to existing classes and groups of members
or managers associated with the series.
A limited liability company agreement may
provide for the taking of an action, including
the amendment of the limited liability company
agreement, without the vote or approval
of any member or manager or class or group
of members or managers, including an action
to create under the provisions of the limited
liability company agreement a class or group
of the series of limited liability company
interests that was not previously outstanding.
A limited liability company agreement may
provide that any member or class or group
of members associated with a series shall
have no voting rights.
(e) A limited liability company agreement
may grant to all or certain identified members
or managers or a specified class or group
of the members or managers associated with
a series the right to vote separately or
with all or any class or group of the members
or managers associated with the series,
on any matter. Voting by members or managers
associated with a series may be on a per
capita, number, financial interest, class,
group or any other basis.
(f) Unless otherwise provided in a limited
liability company agreement, the management
of a series shall be vested in the members
associated with such series in proportion
to the then current percentage or other
interest of members in the profits of the
series owned by all of the members associated
with such series, the decision of members
owning more than 50 percent of the said
percentage or other interest in the profits
controlling; provided, however, that if
a limited liability company agreement provides
for the management of the series, in whole
or in part, by a manager, the management
of the series, to the extent so provided,
shall be vested in the manager who shall
be chosen in the manner provided in the
limited liability company agreement. The
manager of the series shall also hold the
offices and have the responsibilities accorded
to the manager as set forth in a limited
liability company agreement. A series may
have more than 1 manager. Subject to § 18-602
of this title, a manager shall cease to
be a manager with respect to a series as
provided in a limited liability company
agreement. Except as otherwise provided
in a limited liability company agreement,
any event under this chapter or in a limited
liability company agreement that causes
a manager to cease to be a manager with
respect to a series shall not, in itself,
cause such manager to cease to be a manager
of the limited liability company or with
respect to any other series thereof.
(g) Notwithstanding § 18-606 of this title,
but subject to subsections (h) and (k) of
this section, and unless otherwise provided
in a limited liability company agreement,
at the time a member associated with a series
that has been established in accordance
with subsection
(b) of this section becomes entitled to
receive a distribution with respect to such
series, the member has the status of, and
is entitled to all remedies available to,
a creditor of the series, with respect to
the distribution. A limited liability company
agreement may provide for the establishment
of a record date with respect to allocations
and distributions with respect to a series.
(h) Notwithstanding § 18-607(a) of this
title, a limited liability company may make
a distribution with respect to a series
that has been established in accordance
with subsection (b) of this section. A limited
liability company shall not make a distribution
with respect to a series that has been established
in accordance with subsection (b) of this
section to a member to the extent that at
the time of the distribution, after giving
effect to the distribution, all liabilities
of such series, other than liabilities to
members on account of their limited liability
company interests with respect to such series
and liabilities for which the recourse of
creditors is limited to specified property
of such series, exceed the fair value of
the assets associated with such series,
except that the fair value of property of
the series that is subject to a liability
for which the recourse of creditors is limited
shall be included in the assets associated
with such series only to the extent that
the fair value of that property exceeds
that liability. For purposes of the immediately
preceding sentence, the term "distribution"
shall not include amounts constituting reasonable
compensation for present or past services
or reasonable payments made in the ordinary
course of business pursuant to a bona fide
retirement plan or other benefits program.
A member who receives a distribution in
violation of this subsection, and who knew
at the time of the distribution that the
distribution violated this subsection, shall
be liable to a series for the amount of
the distribution. A member who receives
a distribution in violation of this subsection,
and who did not know at the time of the
distribution that the distribution violated
this subsection, shall not be liable for
the amount of the distribution. Subject
to § 18-607(c) of this
title, which shall apply to any distribution
made with respect to a series under this
subsection, this subsection shall not affect
any obligation or liability of a member
under an agreement or other applicable law
for the amount of a distribution.
(i) Unless otherwise provided in the limited
liability company agreement, a member shall
cease to be associated with a series and
to have the power to exercise any rights
or powers of a member with respect to such
series upon the assignment of all of the
member's limited liability company interest
with respect to such series. Except as otherwise
provided in a limited liability company
agreement, any event under this chapter
or a limited liability company agreement
that causes a member to cease to be associated
with a series shall not, in itself, cause
such member to cease to be associated with
any other series or terminate the continued
membership of a member in the limited liability
company or cause the termination of the
series, regardless of whether such member
was the last remaining member associated
with such series.
(j) Subject to § 18-801 of this title, except
to the extent otherwise provided in the
limited liability company agreement, a series
may be terminated and its affairs wound
up without causing the dissolution of the
limited liability company. The termination
of a series established in accordance with
subsection (b) of this section shall not
affect the limitation on liabilities of
such series provided by subsection (b) of
this section. A series is terminated and
its affairs shall be wound up upon the dissolution
of the limited liability company under §
18-801 of this title or otherwise upon the
first to occur of the following:
(1) At the time specified in the limited
liability company agreement;
(2) Upon the happening of events specified
in the limited liability company agreement;
(3) Unless otherwise provided in the limited
liability company agreement, upon the affirmative
vote or written consent of the members of
the limited liability company associated
with such series or, if there is more than
1 class or group of members associated with
such series, then by each class or group
of members associated with such series,
in either case, by members associated with
such series who own more than two-thirds
of the then-current percentage or other
interest in the profits of the series of
the limited liability company owned by all
of the members associated with such series
or by the members in each class or group
of such series, as appropriate; or
(4) The termination of such series under
subsection (l) of this section.
(k) Notwithstanding § 18-803(a) of this
title, unless otherwise provided in the
limited liability company agreement, a manager
associated with a series who has not wrongfully
terminated the series or, if none, the members
associated with the series or a person approved
by the members associated with the series
or, if there is more than 1 class or group
of members associated with the series, then
by each class or group of members associated
with the series, in either case, by members
who own more than 50 percent of the then
current percentage or other interest in
the profits of the series owned by all of
the members associated with the series or
by the members in each class or group associated
with the series, as appropriate, may wind
up the affairs of the series; but, if the
series has been established in accordance
with subsection (b) of this section, the
Court of Chancery, upon cause shown, may
wind up the affairs of the series upon application
of any member associated with the series,
the member's personal representative or
assignee, and in connection therewith, may
appoint a liquidating trustee. The persons
winding up the affairs of a series may,
in the name of the limited liability company
and for and on behalf of the limited liability
company and such series, take all actions
with respect to the series as are permitted
under § 18-803(b) of this title. The persons
winding up the affairs of a series shall
provide for the claims and obligations of
the series and distribute the assets of
the series as provided in § 18-804 of this
title, which section shall apply to the
winding up and distribution of assets of
a series. Actions taken in accordance with
this subsection shall not affect the liability
of members and shall not impose liability
on a liquidating trustee.
(l) On application by or for a member or
manager associated with a series established
in accordance with subsection (b) of this
section, the Court of Chancery may decree
termination of such series whenever it is
not reasonably practicable to carry on the
business of the series in conformity with
a limited liability company agreement.
(m) If a foreign limited liability company
that is registering to do business in the
State of Delaware in accordance with § 18-902
of this title is governed by a limited liability
company agreement that establishes or provides
for the establishment of designated series
of members, managers or limited liability
company interests having separate rights,
powers or duties with respect to specified
property or obligations of the foreign limited
liability company or profits and losses
associated with specified property or obligations,
that fact shall be so stated on the application
for registration as a foreign limited liability
company. In addition, the foreign limited
liability company shall state on such application
whether the debts, liabilities and obligations
incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing
with respect to a particular series, if
any, shall be enforceable against the assets
of such series only, and not against the
assets of the foreign limited liability
company generally or any other series thereof,
and, unless otherwise provided in the limited
liability company agreement, none of the
debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses
incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing
with respect to the foreign limited liability
company generally or any other series thereof
shall be enforceable against the assets
of such series. (70 Del. Laws, c. 360, §
9; 70 Del. Laws, c. 186, § 1; 71 Del. Laws,
c. 77, §§ 19-23; 71 Del. Laws, c. 341, §§
9, 10; 72 Del. Laws, c. 389, §§ 14-18.)
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